Q网志

jar cfm JImaging.jar m.txt com

package com.devsphere.articles.desktop;
import com.devsphere.articles.desktop.frames.MainFrame;
import com.devsphere.articles.desktop.frames.MainPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class Main {
　private String args[];
　private MainFrame mainFrame;
　private MainPanel mainPanel;
　private Main(String args[]) {
　　this.args = args;
　}
　public static void main(String args[]) {
　　Main main = new Main(args);
　　main.setSystemLookAndFeel();
　　main.createFrame();
　　main.showFrame();
　}
　...
}

java -jar JImaging.jar sourceImage annotatedImage

private void setSystemLookAndFeel() {
　try {
　　UIManager.setLookAndFeel(
　　　UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
　} catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException x) {
　　log(x);
　} catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
　　log(x);
　} catch (IllegalAccessException x) {
　　log(x);
　} catch (InstantiationException x) {
　　log(x);
　}
}

private static void log(Exception x) {
　Logger.global.severe(x.getMessage());
}

private void createFrame() {
　mainFrame = new MainFrame();
　mainPanel = mainFrame.getMainPanel();
　mainPanel.updateSize();
　mainFrame.pack();
　loadImage();
}

private void showFrame() {
　mainFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(
　　MainFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
　mainFrame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
　　public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
　　　saveImage();
　　　mainFrame.dispose();
　　　System.exit(0);
　　}
　});
　mainFrame.show();
　mainPanel.requestFocus();
}

private void loadImage() {
　if (args.length >= 1) 
　try {
　　File file = new File(args[0]);
　　BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);
　　mainPanel.getPaintView().getModel().setBackImage(image);
　} catch (IOException x) {
　　log(x);
　}
}

private void saveImage() {
　if (args.length >= 2)
　try {
　　File file = new File(args[1]);
　　String name = file.getName();
　　int k = name.lastIndexOf('.') + 1;
　　String ext = name.substring(k);
　　BufferedImage image= mainPanel.getAnnotatedImage();
　　ImageIO.write(image, ext, file);
　} catch (IOException x) {
　　log(x);
　}
}

BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics();
printAll(g);
g.dispose(); 

protected void toolAction(MouseEvent e) {
　e.consume();
　Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) getGraphics();
　float zoomFactor = model.getZoomFactor();
　g2.scale(zoomFactor, zoomFactor);
　float x = e.getX() / zoomFactor;
　float y = e.getY() / zoomFactor;
　currentTool.action(e.getID(), x, y, g2);
　g2.dispose();
}

protected void registerListeners() {
　addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
　　public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
　　　if (SwingUtilities.isLeftMouseButton(e)) {
　　　　requestFocus();
　　　　currentTool = model.createTool(AbstractTool.DRAW_STYLE);
　　　　toolAction(e);
　　　}
　　}

　　public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
　　　if (SwingUtilities.isLeftMouseButton(e)) {
　　　　toolAction(e);
　　　　model.setLastTool(currentTool);
　　　　currentTool = null;
　　　　repaint();
　　　}
　}
});

addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {
　public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
　　if (SwingUtilities.isLeftMouseButton(e))
　　　toolAction(e);
　}
});

...
}

1.更少的启动事件。由于AWT组件是本地由操作系统实现的。绝大多数的二进制代码已经在如系统启动的时候被预装载了，这降低了它的启动事件。
2.更好的响应。由于本地组件由操作系统渲染。
3.从java 1.x时代就为JRE支持的标准GUI工具集，你不用单独安装它，你不用担心平台差异的问题。
4.成熟稳定的。它能够正常工作并很少使你的程序崩溃。

1. 更少的组件类型。表和树这些重要的组件缺失了。它们是桌面应用程序中普遍使用的。
2.缺乏丰富的组件特征。按钮不支持图片附着。这很明显是它遵循的设计原则造成的。
3.不支持Look And Feel。AWT被设计为使用本地组件。因此，它依赖系统来提供Look And Feel支持。如果目标系统并不支持这一特性，那么AWT将无法改变它的Look And Feel。
4.无扩展性。AWT的组件是本地组件。JVM中的AWT类实例实际只是包含本地组件的引用。唯一的扩展点是AWT的Canvas组件，你可以从零开始创建自定义组件。然而无法继承和重用一个已有的AWT组件。

1.丰富的组件类型。SWT提供了种类繁多的组件，从基础组件如按钮和标签到高级的表格和树。
2.相对的丰富组件特性。尽管SWT也遵循最大公倍数原则，它采用模拟的方式重新设计了对更多组件特性的支持。所以同AWT相比，它有着相对丰富的组件特性。
3.更快的响应时间。基于和AWT同样的原因，SWT组件包装了本地组件，由操作系统实现渲染。操作系统通常对渲染处理做了优化，保存GUI二进制代码为标准库，减少了内存的使用，提高了响应性能。
4.更少的内存消耗。既然操作系统为本地组件提供了优化，这一点就容易理解了。

1.不在JRE的标准库中。因此你必须将它和你的程序捆绑在一起，并为你所要支持的每个操作系统创建单独的安装程序。
2.不够成熟和稳定。SWT因其设计上的一些缺陷，如资源管理，Windows友好等，被认为是不稳定的。它可以在Windows上表现得很好，但在其他操作系统上，它经常是不稳定且容易崩溃的。这很大程度上是因为它把资源管理交给开发者来处理，而并不是所有的开发人员能够正确地处理这些。
3.在非Windows平台下的性能不高。如同第2点提到的，SWT被设计为与Windows API相协调的，这导致了在非Windows平台上的性能问题，糟糕的UI感官，不稳定甚至内存泄露。
4.无Look And Feel 支持。和AWT同样的原因。
5.不可扩展，和AWT同样的原因。在SWT中你可以通过有限的方式扩展一个组件，例如，监听PAINT事件并添加自定义绘图到组件上，但鉴于你只能控制绘制处理的一部分，这是十分有限的。你也只能在操作系统绘制完组件后补充，这并不能很好支持自定义。许多应用程序在自定义行为上有很高的要求。

1、丰富的组件类型。Swing提供了非常广泛的标准组件。这些组件和SWT一样丰富。基于它良好的可扩展性，除了标准组件，Swing还提供了大量的第三方组件。许多商业或开源的Swing组件库在开发多年后都已经可以方便地获取了。
2、丰富的组件特性。Swing不仅包含了所有平台上的特性，它还支持根据程序所运行的平台来添加额外特性。Swing组件特性遵循特定原则，易于扩展，因此能够提供较SWT和AWT更多的功能。
3、好的组件API模型支持。Swing遵循MVC模式，这是一种非常成功的设计模式。它的API成熟并设计良好。经过多年的演化，Swing组件APIs变得越来越强大，灵活和可扩展。它的API设计被认为是最成功的GUI API之一。较之SWT和AWT更面向对象，也更灵活而可扩展。
4、出色的Look And Feel支持。MVC设计模型允许Swing分离组件视图和它的数据模型。它有高级的UI委托来将UI渲染委托给UI类。这些类被注册到一个展现特定的Look And Feel的对象上。已经有上百个Look And Feel 可以提高各种各样的GUI风格。你甚至可以基于其他人的成果编写组件的Look And Feel 。
5、标准的GUI库。Swing和AWT一样是JRE中的标准库。因此，你不用单独地将它们随你的应用程序一起分发。它们是平台无关的，所以你不用担心平台兼容性。
6、成熟稳定。Swing已经开发出来7年之久了。在Java5之后它变得越来越成熟稳定。由于它是纯Java实现的，不会有SWT的兼容性问题。Swing在每个平台上都有相同的性能，不会有明显的性能差异。
7、可扩展和灵活性。Swing完全在Java空间中实现。它可以控制它所需要的一起。Swing基于MVC的结构使得它可以发挥Java作为一门面向对象语言的优势。它提供了许多扩展组件的方法。让我们来列举一下：

A.继承已有组件；
B.靠复合组件的方式扩展。
C.从零开始使用JComponent编写自定义组件；
D.使用渲染器和编辑器机制扩展复制的Swing组件，如JList，JComboBox，JTable，JTree等；
E.基于已有Look And Feel 或从零开始创建新的Look And Feel；
F.使用LayeredPane，GlassPane或拖放机制开发高级的组件，例如浮动的固定组件，自定义弹出窗口，自定义菜单等。

8、总体上良好的性能。Swing的速度是其为人诟病的一点。然而随着JRE的开发，Swing的性能如今已经有了很大的提高。特别是Java5之后，Swing的总体速度能够接近本地小控件系统。

java ?verbose *.class

javac -classpath yourpath *.java
java -classpath yourpath *.class

int[] A = {1,2,3,4};
int[] B = {1,2,3,4};
System.out.println(A.hashCode());
System.out.println(B.hashCode());

return A[0]“+” A[1]“+” A[2]“+” A[3]; //显示上比较直观

return this.toString().hashCode()；

class A{
    synchronized void f(){}
    void g(){}
}

file = new File(“C:/data.dat”);
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));

oos = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
ois = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”>
<root>
<child name=”Kitty”>
A Cat
</child>
</root>

public interface Person(){
    public void sayHello();
}

Public class PersonImplA implements Person{
    public PersonImplA(){}
    public void sayHello(){ System.out.println(“Hello!”);}
}

Public class PersonImplB implements Person{
    public PersonImplB(){}
    public void sayHello(){ System.out.println(“Nice to meet you!”);}
}

Person p = Naming.lookup(“PersonService”);
p.sayHello();

public interface Mp3{
    public void play();
    public void record();
    public void stop();
}

public Mp3 create();
public void copy(Mp3 mp3);
public Mp3 getMp3();

<filter>
<filter-name> controller </filter-name>
<filter-class> org.apache.struts.action2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name> cotroller </filter-name>
<url-pattern> /* </url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

public class MyAction {
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        //do the work
        return "success ";
    }
}

public interface ServletRequestAware {
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request);
}

public class MyAction implements ServletRequestAware {
    private HttpServletRequest request;

    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        this.request = request;
    }

    public String execute() throws Exception {
        // do the work directly using the request
        return Action.SUCCESS;
    }
}

<class-descriptor class=”com.ant.Employee” table=”EMPLOYEE”>
<field-descriptor name=”id” column=”ID”
jdbc-type=”INTEGER” primarykey=”true” autoincrement=”true”/>

<field-descriptor name=”name” column=”NAME” jdbc-type=”VARCHAR”/>
</class-descrptor>

<class-descriptor class=”com.ant.Executive” table=”EXECUTIVE”>
<field-descriptor name=”id” column=”ID”
jdbc-type=”INTEGER” primarykey=”true” autoincrement=”true”/>

<field-descriptor name=”department” column=”DEPARTMENT” jdbc-type=”VARCHAR”/>

<reference-descriptor name=”super” class-ref=”com.ant.Employee”>
<foreignkey field-ref=”id”/>
</reference-descriptor>
</class-descrptor>

<sqlMap>
<typeAlias type=”com.ant.Test” alias=”test”/>

<resultMap class=”test” id=”result”>
<result property=”testId” column=”TestId”/>
<result property=”name” column=”Name”/>
<result property=”date” column=”Date”/>
</resultMap>

<select id=”getTestById” resultMap=”result” parameterClass=”int”>
select * from Test where TestId=#value#
</select>

<update id=”updateTest” parameterClass=”test”>
Update Tests set Name=#name#, Date=”date” where TestId=#testId#
</update>
</sqlMap>

<hibernate-mapping>
<class name=”com.ant.Customer” table=”Customers”>
<id name=”customerId” column=”CustomerId” type=”int” unsaved-value=”0”>
<generator class=”sequence”>
<param name=”sequence”> Customers_CustomerId_Seq </param>
</generator>
</id>

<property name=”firstName” column=”FirstName”/>
<property name=”lastName” column=”LastName”/>

<set name=”addresses” outer-join=”true”>
<key column=”Customer”/>
<one-to-many class=”com.ant.Address”/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

//: Applet1.java
// Very simple applet
package c13;
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Applet1 extends Applet {
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    g.drawString("First applet", 10, 10);
  }
} ///:~

<applet code=Applet1 width=200 height=200> </applet>

<Paramname=标识符 value ="信息">

// <applet code=MyApplet.class width=200 height=100></applet>

//: Applet2.java
// Easy graphics
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Applet2 extends Applet {
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    g.drawString("Second applet", 10, 15);
    g.draw3DRect(0, 0, 100, 20, true);
  }
} ///:~

//: Applet3.java
// Shows init(), start() and stop() activities
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Applet3 extends Applet {
  String s;
  int inits = 0;
  int starts = 0;
  int stops = 0;
  public void init() { inits++; }
  public void start() { starts++; }
  public void stop() { stops++; }
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    s = "inits: " + inits + 
      ", starts: " + starts +
      ", stops: " + stops;
    g.drawString(s, 10, 10);
  }
} ///:~

//: Button1.java
// Putting buttons on an applet
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Button1 extends Applet {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public void init() {
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
} ///:~

//: Button2.java
// Capturing button presses
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Button2 extends Applet {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public void init() {
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b1))
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 1");
    else if(evt.target.equals(b2))
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 2");
    // Let the base class handle it:
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true; // We've handled it here
  }
} ///:~

//: Button3.java
// Matching events on button text
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Button3 extends Applet {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public void init() {
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(arg.equals("Button 1"))
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 1");
    else if(arg.equals("Button 2"))
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 2");
    // Let the base class handle it:
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true; // We've handled it here
  }
} ///:~

//: TextField1.java
// Using the text field control
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class TextField1 extends Applet {
  Button
    b1 = new Button("Get Text"),
    b2 = new Button("Set Text");
  TextField 
    t = new TextField("Starting text", 30);
  String s = new String();
  public void init() {
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
    add(t);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b1)) {
      getAppletContext().showStatus(t.getText());
      s = t.getSelectedText();
      if(s.length() == 0) s = t.getText();
      t.setEditable(true);
    }
    else if(evt.target.equals(b2)) {
      t.setText("Inserted by Button 2: " + s);
      t.setEditable(false);
    }
    // Let the base class handle it:
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true; // We've handled it here
  }
} ///:~

//: TextArea1.java
// Using the text area control
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class TextArea1 extends Applet {
  Button b1 = new Button("Text Area 1");
  Button b2 = new Button("Text Area 2");
  Button b3 = new Button("Replace Text");
  Button b4 = new Button("Insert Text");
  TextArea t1 = new TextArea("t1", 1, 30);
  TextArea t2 = new TextArea("t2", 4, 30);
  public void init() {
    add(b1);
    add(t1);
    add(b2);
    add(t2);
    add(b3);
    add(b4);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b1))
      getAppletContext().showStatus(t1.getText());
    else if(evt.target.equals(b2)) {
      t2.setText("Inserted by Button 2");
      t2.appendText(": " + t1.getText());
      getAppletContext().showStatus(t2.getText());
    }
    else if(evt.target.equals(b3)) {
      String s = " Replacement ";
      t2.replaceText(s, 3, 3 + s.length());
    }
    else if(evt.target.equals(b4))
      t2.insertText(" Inserted ", 10);
    // Let the base class handle it:
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true; // We've handled it here
  }
} ///:~

//: Label1.java
// Using labels
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Label1 extends Applet {
  TextField t1 = new TextField("t1", 10);
  Label labl1 = new Label("TextField t1");
  Label labl2 = new Label("                   ");
  Label labl3 = new Label("                    ",
    Label.RIGHT);
  Button b1 = new Button("Test 1");
  Button b2 = new Button("Test 2");
  public void init() {
    add(labl1); add(t1);
    add(b1); add(labl2);
    add(b2); add(labl3);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b1))
      labl2.setText("Text set into Label");
    else if(evt.target.equals(b2)) {
      if(labl3.getText().trim().length() == 0)
        labl3.setText("labl3");
      if(labl3.getAlignment() == Label.LEFT)
        labl3.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);
      else if(labl3.getAlignment()==Label.CENTER)
        labl3.setAlignment(Label.RIGHT);
      else if(labl3.getAlignment() == Label.RIGHT)
        labl3.setAlignment(Label.LEFT);
    }
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
} ///:~

//: CheckBox1.java
// Using check boxes
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class CheckBox1 extends Applet {
  TextArea t = new TextArea(6, 20);
  Checkbox cb1 = new Checkbox("Check Box 1");
  Checkbox cb2 = new Checkbox("Check Box 2");
  Checkbox cb3 = new Checkbox("Check Box 3");
  public void init() {
    add(t); add(cb1); add(cb2); add(cb3);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(cb1))
      trace("1", cb1.getState());
    else if(evt.target.equals(cb2))
      trace("2", cb2.getState());
    else if(evt.target.equals(cb3))
      trace("3", cb3.getState());
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
  void trace(String b, boolean state) {
    if(state)
      t.appendText("Box " + b + " Set\n");
    else
      t.appendText("Box " + b + " Cleared\n");
  }
} ///:~

//: RadioButton1.java
// Using radio buttons
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class RadioButton1 extends Applet {
  TextField t = 
    new TextField("Radio button 2", 30);
  CheckboxGroup g = new CheckboxGroup();
  Checkbox 
    cb1 = new Checkbox("one", g, false),
    cb2 = new Checkbox("two", g, true),
    cb3 = new Checkbox("three", g, false);
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    add(t); 
    add(cb1); add(cb2); add(cb3); 
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(cb1))
      t.setText("Radio button 1");
    else if(evt.target.equals(cb2))
      t.setText("Radio button 2");
    else if(evt.target.equals(cb3))
      t.setText("Radio button 3");
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
} ///:~

//: Choice1.java
// Using drop-down lists
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Choice1 extends Applet {
  String[] description = { "Ebullient", "Obtuse",
    "Recalcitrant", "Brilliant", "Somnescent",
    "Timorous", "Florid", "Putrescent" };
  TextField t = new TextField(30);
  Choice c = new Choice();
  Button b = new Button("Add items");
  int count = 0;
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
      c.addItem(description[count++]);
    add(t);
    add(c);
    add(b);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(c))
      t.setText("index: " +  c.getSelectedIndex()
        + "   " + (String)arg);
    else if(evt.target.equals(b)) {
      if(count < description.length)
        c.addItem(description[count++]);
    } 
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
} ///:~

//: List1.java
// Using lists with action()
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class List1 extends Applet {
  String[] flavors = { "Chocolate", "Strawberry",
    "Vanilla Fudge Swirl", "Mint Chip", 
    "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin", 
    "Praline Cream", "Mud Pie" };
  // Show 6 items, allow multiple selection:
  List lst = new List(6, true);
  TextArea t = new TextArea(flavors.length, 30);
  Button b = new Button("test");
  int count = 0;
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
      lst.addItem(flavors[count++]);
    add(t);
    add(lst);
    add(b);
  }
  public boolean action (Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(lst)) {
      t.setText("");
      String[] items = lst.getSelectedItems();
      for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)
        t.appendText(items[i] + "\n");
    }
    else if(evt.target.equals(b)) {
      if(count < flavors.length)
        lst.addItem(flavors[count++], 0);
    }
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
} ///:~

//: List2.java
// Using lists with handleEvent()
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class List2 extends Applet {
  String[] flavors = { "Chocolate", "Strawberry",
    "Vanilla Fudge Swirl", "Mint Chip", 
    "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin", 
    "Praline Cream", "Mud Pie" };
  // Show 6 items, allow multiple selection:
  List lst = new List(6, true);
  TextArea t = new TextArea(flavors.length, 30);
  Button b = new Button("test");
  int count = 0;
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
      lst.addItem(flavors[count++]);
    add(t);
    add(lst);
    add(b);
  }
  public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) {
    if(evt.id == Event.LIST_SELECT ||
       evt.id == Event.LIST_DESELECT) {
      if(evt.target.equals(lst)) {
        t.setText("");
        String[] items = lst.getSelectedItems();
        for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)
          t.appendText(items[i] + "\n");
      }
      else 
        return super.handleEvent(evt);
    } 
    else 
      return super.handleEvent(evt);
    return true;
  }
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b)) {
      if(count < flavors.length)
        lst.addItem(flavors[count++], 0);
    }
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
} ///:~

//: FlowLayout1.java
// Demonstrating the FlowLayout
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class FlowLayout1 extends Applet {
  public void init() {
    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
      add(new Button("Button " + i));
  }
} ///:~

//: BorderLayout1.java
// Demonstrating the BorderLayout
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class BorderLayout1 extends Applet {
  public void init() {
    int i = 0;
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add("North", new Button("Button " + i++));
    add("South", new Button("Button " + i++));
    add("East", new Button("Button " + i++));
    add("West", new Button("Button " + i++));
    add("Center", new Button("Button " + i++));
  }
} ///:~

//: GridLayout1.java
// Demonstrating the GridLayout
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class GridLayout1 extends Applet {
  public void init() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(7,3));
    for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
      add(new Button("Button " + i));
  }
} ///:~

//: CardLayout1.java
// Demonstrating the CardLayout
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.Applet;

class ButtonPanel extends Panel {
  ButtonPanel(String id) {
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add("Center", new Button(id));
  }
}

public class CardLayout1 extends Applet {
  Button
    first = new Button("First"),
    second = new Button("Second"),
    third = new Button("Third");
  Panel cards = new Panel();
  CardLayout cl = new CardLayout();
  public void init() {
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    Panel p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    p.add(first);
    p.add(second);
    p.add(third);
    add("North", p);
    cards.setLayout(cl);
    cards.add("First card", 
      new ButtonPanel("The first one"));
    cards.add("Second card", 
      new ButtonPanel("The second one"));
    cards.add("Third card", 
      new ButtonPanel("The third one"));
    add("Center", cards);
  }
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if (evt.target.equals(first)) {
      cl.first(cards);
    } 
    else if (evt.target.equals(second)) {
      cl.first(cards);
      cl.next(cards);
    } 
    else if (evt.target.equals(third)) {
      cl.last(cards);
    } 
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
} ///:~

//: AutoEvent.java
// Alternatives to action()
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.util.*;

class MyButton extends Canvas {
  AutoEvent parent;
  Color color;
  String label;
  MyButton(AutoEvent parent, 
           Color color, String label) {
    this.label = label;
    this.parent = parent;
    this.color = color;
  }
  public void paint(Graphics  g) {
    g.setColor(color);
    int rnd = 30;
    g.fillRoundRect(0, 0, size().width, 
                    size().height, rnd, rnd);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.drawRoundRect(0, 0, size().width, 
                    size().height, rnd, rnd);
    FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
    int width = fm.stringWidth(label);
    int height = fm.getHeight();
    int ascent = fm.getAscent();
    int leading = fm.getLeading();
    int horizMargin = (size().width - width)/2;
    int verMargin = (size().height - height)/2;
    g.setColor(Color.white);
    g.drawString(label, horizMargin, 
                 verMargin + ascent + leading);
  }
  public boolean keyDown(Event evt, int key) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("keyDown");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean keyUp(Event evt, int key) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("keyUp");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean lostFocus(Event evt, Object w) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("lostFocus");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean gotFocus(Event evt, Object w) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("gotFocus");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean 
  mouseDown(Event evt,int x,int y) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("mouseDown");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean 
  mouseDrag(Event evt,int x,int y) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("mouseDrag");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean 
  mouseEnter(Event evt,int x,int y) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("mouseEnter");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean 
  mouseExit(Event evt,int x,int y) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("mouseExit");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean 
  mouseMove(Event evt,int x,int y) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("mouseMove");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
  public boolean mouseUp(Event evt,int x,int y) {
    TextField t = 
      (TextField)parent.h.get("mouseUp");
    t.setText(evt.toString());
    return true;
  }
}

public class AutoEvent extends Applet {
  Hashtable h = new Hashtable();
  String[] event = {
    "keyDown", "keyUp", "lostFocus", 
    "gotFocus", "mouseDown", "mouseUp", 
    "mouseMove", "mouseDrag", "mouseEnter", 
    "mouseExit"
  };
  MyButton 
    b1 = new MyButton(this, Color.blue, "test1"),
    b2 = new MyButton(this, Color.red, "test2");
  public void init() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(event.length+1,2));
    for(int i = 0; i < event.length; i++) {
      TextField t = new TextField();
      t.setEditable(false);
      add(new Label(event[i], Label.CENTER)); 
      add(t);
      h.put(event[i], t);
    }
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
} ///:~

this.label = label;

//: Menu1.java
// Menus work only with Frames.
// Shows submenus, checkbox menu items
// and swapping menus.
import java.awt.*;

public class Menu1 extends Frame {
  String[] flavors = { "Chocolate", "Strawberry",
    "Vanilla Fudge Swirl", "Mint Chip", 
    "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin", 
    "Praline Cream", "Mud Pie" };
  TextField t = new TextField("No flavor", 30);
  MenuBar mb1 = new MenuBar();
  Menu f = new Menu("File");
  Menu m = new Menu("Flavors");
  Menu s = new Menu("Safety");
  // Alternative approach:
  CheckboxMenuItem[] safety = {
    new CheckboxMenuItem("Guard"),
    new CheckboxMenuItem("Hide")
  };
  MenuItem[] file = {
    new MenuItem("Open"),
    new MenuItem("Exit")
  };
  // A second menu bar to swap to:
  MenuBar mb2 = new MenuBar();
  Menu fooBar = new Menu("fooBar");
  MenuItem[] other = {
    new MenuItem("Foo"),
    new MenuItem("Bar"),
    new MenuItem("Baz"),
  };
  Button b = new Button("Swap Menus");
  public Menu1() {
    for(int i = 0; i < flavors.length; i++) {
      m.add(new MenuItem(flavors[i]));
      // Add separators at intervals:
      if((i+1) % 3 == 0) 
        m.addSeparator();
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < safety.length; i++)
      s.add(safety[i]);
    f.add(s);
    for(int i = 0; i < file.length; i++)
      f.add(file[i]);
    mb1.add(f);
    mb1.add(m);
    setMenuBar(mb1);
    t.setEditable(false);
    add("Center", t);
    // Set up the system for swapping menus:
    add("North", b);
    for(int i = 0; i < other.length; i++)
      fooBar.add(other[i]);
    mb2.add(fooBar);
  }
  public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) {
    if(evt.id == Event.WINDOW_DESTROY) 
      System.exit(0);
    else 
      return super.handleEvent(evt);
    return true;
  }
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b)) {
      MenuBar m = getMenuBar();
      if(m == mb1) setMenuBar(mb2);
      else if (m == mb2) setMenuBar(mb1);
    } 
    else if(evt.target instanceof MenuItem) {
      if(arg.equals("Open")) {
        String s = t.getText();
        boolean chosen = false;
        for(int i = 0; i < flavors.length; i++)
          if(s.equals(flavors[i])) chosen = true;
        if(!chosen)
          t.setText("Choose a flavor first!");
        else
          t.setText("Opening "+ s +". Mmm, mm!");
      }
      else if(evt.target.equals(file[1]))
        System.exit(0);
      // CheckboxMenuItems cannot use String 
      // matching; you must match the target:
      else if(evt.target.equals(safety[0]))
        t.setText("Guard the Ice Cream! " +
          "Guarding is " + safety[0].getState());
      else if(evt.target.equals(safety[1]))
        t.setText("Hide the Ice Cream! " +
          "Is it cold? " + safety[1].getState());
      else 
        t.setText(arg.toString());
    } 
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Menu1 f = new Menu1();
    f.resize(300,200);
    f.show();
  }
} ///:~

//: ToeTest.java
// Demonstration of dialog boxes
// and creating your own components
import java.awt.*;

class ToeButton extends Canvas {
  int state = ToeDialog.BLANK;
  ToeDialog parent;
  ToeButton(ToeDialog parent) {
    this.parent = parent;
  }
  public void paint(Graphics  g) {
    int x1 = 0;
    int y1 = 0;
    int x2 = size().width - 1;
    int y2 = size().height - 1;
    g.drawRect(x1, y1, x2, y2);
    x1 = x2/4;
    y1 = y2/4;
    int wide = x2/2;
    int high = y2/2;
    if(state == ToeDialog.XX) {
      g.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + wide, y1 + high);
      g.drawLine(x1, y1 + high, x1 + wide, y1);
    }
    if(state == ToeDialog.OO) {
      g.drawOval(x1, y1, x1+wide/2, y1+high/2);
    }
  }
  public boolean 
  mouseDown(Event evt, int x, int y) {
    if(state == ToeDialog.BLANK) {
      state = parent.turn;
      parent.turn= (parent.turn == ToeDialog.XX ?
        ToeDialog.OO : ToeDialog.XX);
    } 
    else
      state = (state == ToeDialog.XX ? 
        ToeDialog.OO : ToeDialog.XX);
    repaint();
    return true;
  }
}

class ToeDialog extends Dialog {
  // w = number of cells wide
  // h = number of cells high
  static final int BLANK = 0;
  static final int XX = 1;
  static final int OO = 2;
  int turn = XX; // Start with x's turn
  public ToeDialog(Frame parent, int w, int h) {
    super(parent, "The game itself", false);
    setLayout(new GridLayout(w, h));
    for(int i = 0; i < w * h; i++)
      add(new ToeButton(this));
    resize(w * 50, h * 50);
  }
  public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) {
    if(evt.id == Event.WINDOW_DESTROY) 
      dispose();
    else 
      return super.handleEvent(evt);
    return true;
  }
}

public class ToeTest extends Frame {
  TextField rows = new TextField("3");
  TextField cols = new TextField("3");
  public ToeTest() {
    setTitle("Toe Test");
    Panel p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
    p.add(new Label("Rows", Label.CENTER));
    p.add(rows);
    p.add(new Label("Columns", Label.CENTER));
    p.add(cols);
    add("North", p);
    add("South", new Button("go"));
  }
  public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) {
    if(evt.id == Event.WINDOW_DESTROY) 
      System.exit(0);
    else 
      return super.handleEvent(evt);
    return true;
  }
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(arg.equals("go")) {
      Dialog d = new ToeDialog(
        this, 
        Integer.parseInt(rows.getText()),
        Integer.parseInt(cols.getText()));
      d.show();
    } 
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new ToeTest();
    f.resize(200,100);
    f.show();
  }
} ///:~

//: FileDialogTest.java
// Demonstration of File dialog boxes
import java.awt.*;

public class FileDialogTest extends Frame {
  TextField filename = new TextField();
  TextField directory = new TextField();
  Button open = new Button("Open");
  Button save = new Button("Save");
  public FileDialogTest() {
    setTitle("File Dialog Test");
    Panel p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    p.add(open);
    p.add(save);
    add("South", p);
    directory.setEditable(false);
    filename.setEditable(false);
    p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
    p.add(filename);
    p.add(directory);
    add("North", p);
  }
  public boolean handleEvent(Event evt) {
    if(evt.id == Event.WINDOW_DESTROY) 
      System.exit(0);
    else 
      return super.handleEvent(evt);
    return true;
  }
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(open)) {
      // Two arguments, defaults to open file:
      FileDialog d = new FileDialog(this,
        "What file do you want to open?");
      d.setFile("*.java"); // Filename filter
      d.setDirectory("."); // Current directory
      d.show();
      String openFile;
      if((openFile = d.getFile()) != null) {
        filename.setText(openFile);
        directory.setText(d.getDirectory());
      } else {
        filename.setText("You pressed cancel");
        directory.setText("");
      }
    } 
    else if(evt.target.equals(save)) {
      FileDialog d = new FileDialog(this,
        "What file do you want to save?",
        FileDialog.SAVE);
      d.setFile("*.java");
      d.setDirectory(".");
      d.show();
      String saveFile;
      if((saveFile = d.getFile()) != null) {
        filename.setText(saveFile);
        directory.setText(d.getDirectory());
      } else {
        filename.setText("You pressed cancel");
        directory.setText("");
      }
    } 
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new FileDialogTest();
    f.resize(250,110);
    f.show();
  }
} ///:~

//: Button2New.java
// Capturing button presses
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*; // Must add this
import java.applet.*;

public class Button2New extends Applet {
  Button
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"),
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public void init() {
    b1.addActionListener(new B1());
    b2.addActionListener(new B2());
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  class B1 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 1");
    }
  }
  class B2 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 2");
    }
  }
  /* The old way:
  public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) {
    if(evt.target.equals(b1))
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 1");
    else if(evt.target.equals(b2))
      getAppletContext().showStatus("Button 2");
    // Let the base class handle it:
    else 
      return super.action(evt, arg);
    return true; // We've handled it here
  }
  */
} ///:~

b1.addActionListener(new B1());
b2.addActionListener(new B2());

class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter {
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
    System.exit(0);
  }
}

class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter {
  public void WindowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
    System.exit(0);
  }
}

//: Button2NewB.java
// An application and an applet
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*; // Must add this
import java.applet.*;

public class Button2NewB extends Applet {
  Button
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"),
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  TextField t = new TextField(20);
  public void init() {
    b1.addActionListener(new B1());
    b2.addActionListener(new B2());
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
    add(t);
  }
  class B1 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText("Button 1");
    }
  }
  class B2 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText("Button 2");
    }
  }
  // To close the application:
  static class WL extends WindowAdapter {
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
      System.exit(0);
    }
  }
  // A main() for the application:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Button2NewB applet = new Button2NewB();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("Button2NewB");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(new WL());
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(300,200);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

aFrame.setVisible(true);

aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);

aFrame.addWindowListener(new WL());

aFrame.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});

<head><title>Button2NewB Example Applet
</title></head>
<body>
<applet code="Button2NewB.class" 
        archive="Button2NewB.jar" 
        width=200 height=150>
</applet>
</body>

//: TextNew.java
// Text fields with Java 1.1 events
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class TextNew extends Applet {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Get Text"), 
    b2 = new Button("Set Text");
  TextField 
    t1 = new TextField(30),
    t2 = new TextField(30),
    t3 = new TextField(30);
  String s = new String();
  public void init() {
    b1.addActionListener(new B1());
    b2.addActionListener(new B2());
    t1.addTextListener(new T1());
    t1.addActionListener(new T1A());
    t1.addKeyListener(new T1K());
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
    add(t1);
    add(t2);
    add(t3);
  }
  class T1 implements TextListener {
    public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) {
      t2.setText(t1.getText());
    }
  }
  class T1A implements ActionListener {
    private int count = 0;
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t3.setText("t1 Action Event " + count++);
    }
  }
  class T1K extends KeyAdapter {
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
      String ts = t1.getText();
      if(e.getKeyChar() == 
          KeyEvent.VK_BACK_SPACE) {
        // Ensure it's not empty:
        if( ts.length() > 0) {
          ts = ts.substring(0, ts.length() - 1);
          t1.setText(ts);
        }
      } 
      else
        t1.setText(
          t1.getText() +
            Character.toUpperCase(
              e.getKeyChar()));
      t1.setCaretPosition(
        t1.getText().length());
      // Stop regular character from appearing:
      e.consume(); 
    }
  }
  class B1 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      s = t1.getSelectedText();
      if(s.length() == 0) s = t1.getText();
      t1.setEditable(true);
    }
  }
  class B2 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t1.setText("Inserted by Button 2: " + s);
      t1.setEditable(false);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    TextNew applet = new TextNew();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("TextNew");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(300,200);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

  class T1 implements TextListener {
    public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) {
      t2.setText(t1.getText());
    }
  }

//: TextAreaNew.java
// Controlling scrollbars with the TextArea
// component in Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class TextAreaNew extends Applet {
  Button b1 = new Button("Text Area 1");
  Button b2 = new Button("Text Area 2");
  Button b3 = new Button("Replace Text");
  Button b4 = new Button("Insert Text");
  TextArea t1 = new TextArea("t1", 1, 30);
  TextArea t2 = new TextArea("t2", 4, 30);
  TextArea t3 = new TextArea("t3", 1, 30,
    TextArea.SCROLLBARS_NONE);
  TextArea t4 = new TextArea("t4", 10, 10,
    TextArea.SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY);
  TextArea t5 = new TextArea("t5", 4, 30,
    TextArea.SCROLLBARS_HORIZONTAL_ONLY);
  TextArea t6 = new TextArea("t6", 10, 10,
    TextArea.SCROLLBARS_BOTH);
  public void init() {
    b1.addActionListener(new B1L());
    add(b1);
    add(t1);
    b2.addActionListener(new B2L());
    add(b2);
    add(t2);
    b3.addActionListener(new B3L());
    add(b3);
    b4.addActionListener(new B4L());
    add(b4);
    add(t3); add(t4); add(t5); add(t6);
  }
  class B1L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t5.append(t1.getText() + "\n");
    }
  }
  class B2L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t2.setText("Inserted by Button 2");
      t2.append(": " + t1.getText());
      t5.append(t2.getText() + "\n");
    }
  }
  class B3L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      String s = " Replacement ";
      t2.replaceRange(s, 3, 3 + s.length());
    }
  }
  class B4L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t2.insert(" Inserted ", 10);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    TextAreaNew applet = new TextAreaNew();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("TextAreaNew");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(300,725);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: RadioCheckNew.java
// Radio buttons and Check Boxes in Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class RadioCheckNew extends Applet {
  TextField t = new TextField(30);
  Checkbox[] cb = {
    new Checkbox("Check Box 1"),
    new Checkbox("Check Box 2"),
    new Checkbox("Check Box 3") };
  CheckboxGroup g = new CheckboxGroup();
  Checkbox 
    cb4 = new Checkbox("four", g, false),
    cb5 = new Checkbox("five", g, true),
    cb6 = new Checkbox("six", g, false);
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    add(t); 
    ILCheck il = new ILCheck();
    for(int i = 0; i < cb.length; i++) {
      cb[i].addItemListener(il);
      add(cb[i]);
    }
    cb4.addItemListener(new IL4());
    cb5.addItemListener(new IL5());
    cb6.addItemListener(new IL6());
    add(cb4); add(cb5); add(cb6); 
  }
  // Checking the source:
  class ILCheck implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      for(int i = 0; i < cb.length; i++) {
        if(e.getSource().equals(cb[i])) {
          t.setText("Check box " + (i + 1));
          return;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  // vs. an individual class for each item:
  class IL4 implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      t.setText("Radio button four");
    }
  }
  class IL5 implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      t.setText("Radio button five");
    }
  }
  class IL6 implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      t.setText("Radio button six");
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    RadioCheckNew applet = new RadioCheckNew();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("RadioCheckNew");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(300,200);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: ChoiceNew.java
// Drop-down lists with Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class ChoiceNew extends Applet {
  String[] description = { "Ebullient", "Obtuse",
    "Recalcitrant", "Brilliant", "Somnescent",
    "Timorous", "Florid", "Putrescent" };
  TextField t = new TextField(100);
  Choice c = new Choice();
  Button b = new Button("Add items");
  int count = 0;
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
      c.addItem(description[count++]);
    add(t);
    add(c);
    add(b);
    c.addItemListener(new CL());
    b.addActionListener(new BL());
  }
  class CL implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      t.setText("index: " +  c.getSelectedIndex()
        + "   " + e.toString());
    }
  }
  class BL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      if(count < description.length)
        c.addItem(description[count++]);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ChoiceNew applet = new ChoiceNew();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("ChoiceNew");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(750,100);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: ListNew.java
// Java 1.1 Lists are easier to use
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class ListNew extends Applet {
  String[] flavors = { "Chocolate", "Strawberry",
    "Vanilla Fudge Swirl", "Mint Chip", 
    "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin", 
    "Praline Cream", "Mud Pie" };
  // Show 6 items, allow multiple selection:
  List lst = new List(6, true);
  TextArea t = new TextArea(flavors.length, 30);
  Button b = new Button("test");
  int count = 0;
  public void init() {
    t.setEditable(false);
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
      lst.addItem(flavors[count++]);
    add(t);
    add(lst);
    add(b);
    lst.addItemListener(new LL());
    b.addActionListener(new BL());
  }
  class LL implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      t.setText("");
      String[] items = lst.getSelectedItems();
      for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)
        t.append(items[i] + "\n");
    }
  }
  class BL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      if(count < flavors.length)
        lst.addItem(flavors[count++], 0);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ListNew applet = new ListNew();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("ListNew");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(300,200);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: MenuNew.java
// Menus in Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class MenuNew extends Frame {
  String[] flavors = { "Chocolate", "Strawberry",
    "Vanilla Fudge Swirl", "Mint Chip", 
    "Mocha Almond Fudge", "Rum Raisin", 
    "Praline Cream", "Mud Pie" };
  TextField t = new TextField("No flavor", 30);
  MenuBar mb1 = new MenuBar();
  Menu f = new Menu("File");
  Menu m = new Menu("Flavors");
  Menu s = new Menu("Safety");
  // Alternative approach:
  CheckboxMenuItem[] safety = {
    new CheckboxMenuItem("Guard"),
    new CheckboxMenuItem("Hide")
  };
  MenuItem[] file = {
    // No menu shortcut:
    new MenuItem("Open"),
    // Adding a menu shortcut is very simple:
    new MenuItem("Exit", 
      new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_E))
  };
  // A second menu bar to swap to:
  MenuBar mb2 = new MenuBar();
  Menu fooBar = new Menu("fooBar");
  MenuItem[] other = {
    new MenuItem("Foo"),
    new MenuItem("Bar"),
    new MenuItem("Baz"),
  };
  // Initialization code:
  {
    ML ml = new ML();
    CMIL cmil = new CMIL();
    safety[0].setActionCommand("Guard");
    safety[0].addItemListener(cmil);
    safety[1].setActionCommand("Hide");
    safety[1].addItemListener(cmil);
    file[0].setActionCommand("Open");
    file[0].addActionListener(ml);
    file[1].setActionCommand("Exit");
    file[1].addActionListener(ml);
    other[0].addActionListener(new FooL());
    other[1].addActionListener(new BarL());
    other[2].addActionListener(new BazL());
  }
  Button b = new Button("Swap Menus");
  public MenuNew() {
    FL fl = new FL();
    for(int i = 0; i < flavors.length; i++) {
      MenuItem mi = new MenuItem(flavors[i]);
      mi.addActionListener(fl);
      m.add(mi);
      // Add separators at intervals:
      if((i+1) % 3 == 0) 
        m.addSeparator();
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < safety.length; i++)
      s.add(safety[i]);
    f.add(s);
    for(int i = 0; i < file.length; i++)
      f.add(file[i]);
    mb1.add(f);
    mb1.add(m);
    setMenuBar(mb1);
    t.setEditable(false);
    add(t, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    // Set up the system for swapping menus:
    b.addActionListener(new BL());
    add(b, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    for(int i = 0; i < other.length; i++)
      fooBar.add(other[i]);
    mb2.add(fooBar);
  }
  class BL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      MenuBar m = getMenuBar();
      if(m == mb1) setMenuBar(mb2);
      else if (m == mb2) setMenuBar(mb1);
    }
  }
  class ML implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      MenuItem target = (MenuItem)e.getSource();
      String actionCommand = 
        target.getActionCommand();
      if(actionCommand.equals("Open")) {
        String s = t.getText();
        boolean chosen = false;
        for(int i = 0; i < flavors.length; i++)
          if(s.equals(flavors[i])) chosen = true;
        if(!chosen)
          t.setText("Choose a flavor first!");
        else
          t.setText("Opening "+ s +". Mmm, mm!");
      } else if(actionCommand.equals("Exit")) {
        dispatchEvent(
          new WindowEvent(MenuNew.this, 
            WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSING));
      }
    }
  }
  class FL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      MenuItem target = (MenuItem)e.getSource();
      t.setText(target.getLabel());
    }
  }
  // Alternatively, you can create a different
  // class for each different MenuItem. Then you
  // Don't have to figure out which one it is:
  class FooL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText("Foo selected");
    }
  }
  class BarL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText("Bar selected");
    }
  }
  class BazL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText("Baz selected");
    }
  }
  class CMIL implements ItemListener {
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
      CheckboxMenuItem target = 
        (CheckboxMenuItem)e.getSource();
      String actionCommand = 
        target.getActionCommand();
      if(actionCommand.equals("Guard"))
        t.setText("Guard the Ice Cream! " +
          "Guarding is " + target.getState());
      else if(actionCommand.equals("Hide"))
        t.setText("Hide the Ice Cream! " +
          "Is it cold? " + target.getState());
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    MenuNew f = new MenuNew();
    f.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    f.setSize(300,200);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: ToeTestNew.java
// Demonstration of dialog boxes
// and creating your own components
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class ToeTestNew extends Frame {
  TextField rows = new TextField("3");
  TextField cols = new TextField("3");
  public ToeTestNew() {
    setTitle("Toe Test");
    Panel p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
    p.add(new Label("Rows", Label.CENTER));
    p.add(rows);
    p.add(new Label("Columns", Label.CENTER));
    p.add(cols);
    add(p, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    Button b = new Button("go");
    b.addActionListener(new BL());
    add(b, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
  }
  static final int BLANK = 0;
  static final int XX = 1;
  static final int OO = 2;
  class ToeDialog extends Dialog {
    // w = number of cells wide
    // h = number of cells high
    int turn = XX; // Start with x's turn
    public ToeDialog(int w, int h) {
      super(ToeTestNew.this, 
        "The game itself", false);
      setLayout(new GridLayout(w, h));
      for(int i = 0; i < w * h; i++)
        add(new ToeButton());
      setSize(w * 50, h * 50);
      addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
          dispose();
        }
      });
    }
    class ToeButton extends Canvas {
      int state = BLANK;
      ToeButton() {
        addMouseListener(new ML());
      }
      public void paint(Graphics  g) {
        int x1 = 0;
        int y1 = 0;
        int x2 = getSize().width - 1;
        int y2 = getSize().height - 1;
        g.drawRect(x1, y1, x2, y2);
        x1 = x2/4;
        y1 = y2/4;
        int wide = x2/2;
        int high = y2/2;
        if(state == XX) {
          g.drawLine(x1, y1, 
            x1 + wide, y1 + high);
          g.drawLine(x1, y1 + high, 
            x1 + wide, y1);
        }
        if(state == OO) {
          g.drawOval(x1, y1, 
            x1 + wide/2, y1 + high/2);
        }
      }
      class ML extends MouseAdapter {
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
          if(state == BLANK) {
            state = turn;
            turn = (turn == XX ? OO : XX);
          } 
          else
            state = (state == XX ? OO : XX);
          repaint();
        }
      }
    }
  }
  class BL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      Dialog d = new ToeDialog(
        Integer.parseInt(rows.getText()),
        Integer.parseInt(cols.getText()));
      d.show();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new ToeTestNew();
    f.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    f.setSize(200,100);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: FileDialogNew.java
// Demonstration of File dialog boxes
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class FileDialogNew extends Frame {
  TextField filename = new TextField();
  TextField directory = new TextField();
  Button open = new Button("Open");
  Button save = new Button("Save");
  public FileDialogNew() {
    setTitle("File Dialog Test");
    Panel p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    open.addActionListener(new OpenL());
    p.add(open);
    save.addActionListener(new SaveL());
    p.add(save);
    add(p, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    directory.setEditable(false);
    filename.setEditable(false);
    p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
    p.add(filename);
    p.add(directory);
    add(p, BorderLayout.NORTH);
  }
  class OpenL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      // Two arguments, defaults to open file:
      FileDialog d = new FileDialog(
        FileDialogNew.this,
        "What file do you want to open?");
      d.setFile("*.java");
      d.setDirectory("."); // Current directory
      d.show();
      String yourFile = "*.*";
      if((yourFile = d.getFile()) != null) {
        filename.setText(yourFile);
        directory.setText(d.getDirectory());
      } else {
        filename.setText("You pressed cancel");
        directory.setText("");
      }
    }
  }
  class SaveL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      FileDialog d = new FileDialog(
        FileDialogNew.this,
        "What file do you want to save?",
        FileDialog.SAVE);
      d.setFile("*.java");
      d.setDirectory(".");
      d.show();
      String saveFile;
      if((saveFile = d.getFile()) != null) {
        filename.setText(saveFile);
        directory.setText(d.getDirectory());
      } else {
        filename.setText("You pressed cancel");
        directory.setText("");
      }
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new FileDialogNew();
    f.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    f.setSize(250,110);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: DynamicEvents.java
// The new Java 1.1 event model allows you to
// change event behavior dynamically. Also
// demonstrates multiple actions for an event.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class DynamicEvents extends Frame {
  Vector v = new Vector();
  int i = 0;
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public DynamicEvents() {
    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    b1.addActionListener(new B());
    b1.addActionListener(new B1());
    b2.addActionListener(new B());
    b2.addActionListener(new B2());
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  class B implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println("A button was pressed");
    }
  }
  class CountListener implements ActionListener {
    int index;
    public CountListener(int i) { index = i; }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println(
        "Counted Listener " + index);
    }
  }    
  class B1 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println("Button 1 pressed");
      ActionListener a = new CountListener(i++);
      v.addElement(a);
      b2.addActionListener(a);
    }
  }
  class B2 implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println("Button 2 pressed");
      int end = v.size() -1;
      if(end >= 0) {
        b2.removeActionListener(
          (ActionListener)v.elementAt(end));
        v.removeElementAt(end);
      }
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new DynamicEvents();
    f.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    f.setSize(300,200);
    f.show();
  }
} ///:~

//: Separation.java
// Separating GUI logic and business objects
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;

class BusinessLogic {
  private int modifier;
  BusinessLogic(int mod) {
    modifier = mod;
  }
  public void setModifier(int mod) {
    modifier = mod;
  }
  public int getModifier() {
    return modifier;
  }
  // Some business operations:
  public int calculation1(int arg) {
    return arg * modifier;
  }
  public int calculation2(int arg) {
    return arg + modifier;
  }
}

public class Separation extends Applet {
  TextField 
    t = new TextField(20),
    mod = new TextField(20);
  BusinessLogic bl = new BusinessLogic(2);
  Button
    calc1 = new Button("Calculation 1"),
    calc2 = new Button("Calculation 2");
  public void init() {
    add(t);
    calc1.addActionListener(new Calc1L());
    calc2.addActionListener(new Calc2L());
    add(calc1); add(calc2);
    mod.addTextListener(new ModL());
    add(new Label("Modifier:"));
    add(mod);
  }
  static int getValue(TextField tf) {
    try {
      return Integer.parseInt(tf.getText());
    } catch(NumberFormatException e) {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  class Calc1L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText(Integer.toString(
        bl.calculation1(getValue(t))));
    }
  }
  class Calc2L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText(Integer.toString(
        bl.calculation2(getValue(t))));
    }
  }
  class ModL implements TextListener {
    public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) {
      bl.setModifier(getValue(mod));
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Separation applet = new Separation();
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("Separation");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(200,200);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: GoodIdea.java
// The best way to design classes using the new
// Java 1.1 event model: use an inner class for
// each different event. This maximizes 
// flexibility and modularity.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class GoodIdea extends Frame {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public GoodIdea() {
    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    b1.addActionListener(new B1L());
    b2.addActionListener(new B2L());
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  public class B1L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println("Button 1 pressed");
    }
  }
  public class B2L implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println("Button 2 pressed");
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new GoodIdea();
    f.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
          System.out.println("Window Closing");
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    f.setSize(300,200);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: BadIdea1.java
// Some literature recommends this approach,
// but it's missing the point of the new event
// model in Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class BadIdea1 extends Frame 
    implements ActionListener, WindowListener {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public BadIdea1() {
    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    addWindowListener(this);
    b1.addActionListener(this);
    b2.addActionListener(this);
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    Object source = e.getSource();
    if(source == b1)
      System.out.println("Button 1 pressed");
    else if(source == b2)
      System.out.println("Button 2 pressed");
    else
      System.out.println("Something else");
  }    
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
    System.out.println("Window Closing");
    System.exit(0);
  }
  public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {}
  public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {}
  public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {}
  public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {}
  public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {}
  public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {}  

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new BadIdea1();
    f.setSize(300,200);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

addWindowListener(this);
b1.addActionListener(this);
b2.addActionListener(this);

//: BadIdea2.java
// An improvement over BadIdea1.java, since it
// uses the WindowAdapter as an inner class 
// instead of implementing all the methods of
// WindowListener, but still misses the
// valuable modularity of inner classes
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;

public class BadIdea2 extends Frame 
    implements ActionListener {
  Button 
    b1 = new Button("Button 1"), 
    b2 = new Button("Button 2");
  public BadIdea2() {
    setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    addWindowListener(new WL());
    b1.addActionListener(this);
    b2.addActionListener(this);
    add(b1);
    add(b2);
  }
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    Object source = e.getSource();
    if(source == b1)
      System.out.println("Button 1 pressed");
    else if(source == b2)
      System.out.println("Button 2 pressed");
    else
      System.out.println("Something else");
  }
  class WL extends WindowAdapter {
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
      System.out.println("Window Closing");
      System.exit(0);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new BadIdea2();
    f.setSize(300,200);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: GoodTechnique.java
// Your first choice when overriding components
// should be to install listeners. The code is
// much safer, more modular and maintainable.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

class Display {
  public static final int
    EVENT = 0, COMPONENT = 1,
    MOUSE = 2, MOUSE_MOVE = 3,
    FOCUS = 4, KEY = 5, ACTION = 6,
    LAST = 7;
  public String[] evnt;
  Display() {
    evnt = new String[LAST];
    for(int i = 0; i < LAST; i++)
      evnt[i] = new String();
  }
  public void show(Graphics g) {
    for(int i = 0; i < LAST; i++)
      g.drawString(evnt[i], 0, 10 * i + 10);
  }
}

class EnabledPanel extends Panel {
  Color c;
  int id;
  Display display = new Display();
  public EnabledPanel(int i, Color mc) {
    id = i;
    c = mc;
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add(new MyButton(), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    addComponentListener(new CL());
    addFocusListener(new FL());
    addKeyListener(new KL());
    addMouseListener(new ML());
    addMouseMotionListener(new MML());
  }
  // To eliminate flicker:
  public void update(Graphics g) {
    paint(g);
  }
  public void paint(Graphics  g) {
    g.setColor(c);
    Dimension s = getSize();
    g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    display.show(g);
  }
  // Don't need to enable anything for this:
  public void processEvent(AWTEvent e) {
    display.evnt[Display.EVENT]= e.toString();
    repaint();
    super.processEvent(e);
  }
  class CL implements ComponentListener {
    public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e){
      display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
        "Component moved";
      repaint();
    }
    public void 
    componentResized(ComponentEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
        "Component resized";
      repaint();
    }
    public void 
    componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
        "Component hidden";
      repaint();
    }
    public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e){
      display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
        "Component shown";
      repaint();
    }
  }
  class FL implements FocusListener {
    public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.FOCUS] = 
        "FOCUS gained";
      repaint();
    }
    public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.FOCUS] = 
        "FOCUS lost";
      repaint();
    }
  }
  class KL implements KeyListener {
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.KEY] = 
        "KEY pressed: "; 
      showCode(e);
    }
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.KEY] = 
        "KEY released: "; 
      showCode(e);
    }
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.KEY] = 
        "KEY typed: ";
      showCode(e);
    }
    void showCode(KeyEvent e) {
      int code = e.getKeyCode();
      display.evnt[Display.KEY] += 
        KeyEvent.getKeyText(code);
      repaint();
    }
  }
  class ML implements MouseListener {
    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
      requestFocus(); // Get FOCUS on click
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
        "MOUSE clicked";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
        "MOUSE pressed";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
        "MOUSE released";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { 
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
        "MOUSE entered";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { 
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
        "MOUSE exited";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    void showMouse(MouseEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] += 
        ", x = " + e.getX() + 
        ", y = " + e.getY();
      repaint();
    }
  }
  class MML implements MouseMotionListener {
    public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE_MOVE] = 
        "MOUSE dragged";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE_MOVE] = 
        "MOUSE moved";
      showMouse(e);
    }
    void showMouse(MouseEvent e) {
      display.evnt[Display.MOUSE_MOVE] += 
        ", x = " + e.getX() + 
        ", y = " + e.getY();
      repaint();
    }
  }
}

class MyButton extends Button {
  int clickCounter;
  String label = "";
  public MyButton() {
    addActionListener(new AL());
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    g.setColor(Color.green);
    Dimension s = getSize();
    g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.drawRect(0, 0, s.width - 1, s.height - 1);
    drawLabel(g);
  }
  private void drawLabel(Graphics g) {
    FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
    int width = fm.stringWidth(label);
    int height = fm.getHeight();
    int ascent = fm.getAscent();
    int leading = fm.getLeading();
    int horizMargin = 
      (getSize().width - width)/2;
    int verMargin = 
      (getSize().height - height)/2;
    g.setColor(Color.red);
    g.drawString(label, horizMargin, 
      verMargin + ascent + leading);
  }
  class AL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      clickCounter++;
      label = "click #" + clickCounter +
        " " + e.toString();
      repaint();
    }
  }
}
  
public class GoodTechnique extends Frame {
  GoodTechnique() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
    add(new EnabledPanel(1, Color.cyan));
    add(new EnabledPanel(2, Color.lightGray));
    add(new EnabledPanel(3, Color.yellow));
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new GoodTechnique();
    f.setTitle("Good Technique");
    f.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
          System.out.println(e);
          System.out.println("Window Closing");
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    f.setSize(700,700);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

public void update(Graphics g) {
    paint(g);
}

//: BadTechnique.java
// It's possible to override components this way,
// but the listener approach is much better, so
// why would you?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

class Display {
  public static final int
    EVENT = 0, COMPONENT = 1,
    MOUSE = 2, MOUSE_MOVE = 3,
    FOCUS = 4, KEY = 5, ACTION = 6,
    LAST = 7;
  public String[] evnt;
  Display() {
    evnt = new String[LAST];
    for(int i = 0; i < LAST; i++)
      evnt[i] = new String();
  }
  public void show(Graphics g) {
    for(int i = 0; i < LAST; i++)
      g.drawString(evnt[i], 0, 10 * i + 10);
  }
}

class EnabledPanel extends Panel {
  Color c;
  int id;
  Display display = new Display();
  public EnabledPanel(int i, Color mc) {
    id = i;
    c = mc;
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add(new MyButton(), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    // Type checking is lost. You can enable and
    // process events that the component doesn't
    // capture:
    enableEvents(
      // Panel doesn't handle these:
      AWTEvent.ACTION_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.ADJUSTMENT_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.ITEM_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.TEXT_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.WINDOW_EVENT_MASK |
      // Panel can handle these:
      AWTEvent.COMPONENT_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.FOCUS_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.KEY_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.MOUSE_MOTION_EVENT_MASK |
      AWTEvent.CONTAINER_EVENT_MASK);
      // You can enable an event without
      // overriding its process method.
  }
  // To eliminate flicker:
  public void update(Graphics g) {
    paint(g);
  }
  public void paint(Graphics  g) {
    g.setColor(c);
    Dimension s = getSize();
    g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    display.show(g);
  }
  public void processEvent(AWTEvent e) {
    display.evnt[Display.EVENT]= e.toString();
    repaint();
    super.processEvent(e);
  }
  public void
  processComponentEvent(ComponentEvent e) {
    switch(e.getID()) {
      case ComponentEvent.COMPONENT_MOVED:
        display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
          "Component moved";
        break;
      case ComponentEvent.COMPONENT_RESIZED:
        display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
          "Component resized";
        break;
      case ComponentEvent.COMPONENT_HIDDEN:
        display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
          "Component hidden";
        break;
      case ComponentEvent.COMPONENT_SHOWN:
        display.evnt[Display.COMPONENT] = 
          "Component shown";
        break;
      default:
    }
    repaint();
    // Must always remember to call the "super"
    // version of whatever you override:
    super.processComponentEvent(e);
  }
  public void processFocusEvent(FocusEvent e) {
    switch(e.getID()) {
      case FocusEvent.FOCUS_GAINED:
        display.evnt[Display.FOCUS] = 
          "FOCUS gained";
        break;
      case FocusEvent.FOCUS_LOST:
        display.evnt[Display.FOCUS] = 
          "FOCUS lost";
        break;
      default:
    }
    repaint();
    super.processFocusEvent(e);
  }
  public void processKeyEvent(KeyEvent e) {
    switch(e.getID()) {
      case KeyEvent.KEY_PRESSED:
        display.evnt[Display.KEY] = 
          "KEY pressed: "; 
        break;
      case KeyEvent.KEY_RELEASED:
        display.evnt[Display.KEY] = 
          "KEY released: "; 
        break;
      case KeyEvent.KEY_TYPED:
        display.evnt[Display.KEY] = 
          "KEY typed: ";
        break;
      default:
    }
    int code = e.getKeyCode();
    display.evnt[Display.KEY] += 
      KeyEvent.getKeyText(code);
    repaint();
    super.processKeyEvent(e);
  }
  public void processMouseEvent(MouseEvent e) {
    switch(e.getID()) {
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED:
        requestFocus(); // Get FOCUS on click
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
          "MOUSE clicked";
        break;
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED:
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
          "MOUSE pressed";
        break;
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED:
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
          "MOUSE released";
        break;
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_ENTERED: 
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
          "MOUSE entered";
        break;
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_EXITED: 
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] = 
          "MOUSE exited";
        break;
      default:
    }
    display.evnt[Display.MOUSE] += 
      ", x = " + e.getX() + 
      ", y = " + e.getY();
    repaint();
    super.processMouseEvent(e);
  }
  public void
  processMouseMotionEvent(MouseEvent e) {
    switch(e.getID()) {
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED:
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE_MOVE] = 
          "MOUSE dragged";
        break;
      case MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVED:
        display.evnt[Display.MOUSE_MOVE] = 
          "MOUSE moved";
        break;
      default:
    }
    display.evnt[Display.MOUSE_MOVE] += 
      ", x = " + e.getX() + 
      ", y = " + e.getY();
    repaint();
    super.processMouseMotionEvent(e);
  }
}

class MyButton extends Button {
  int clickCounter;
  String label = "";
  public MyButton() {
    enableEvents(AWTEvent.ACTION_EVENT_MASK);
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    g.setColor(Color.green);
    Dimension s = getSize();
    g.fillRect(0, 0, s.width, s.height);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.drawRect(0, 0, s.width - 1, s.height - 1);
    drawLabel(g);
  }
  private void drawLabel(Graphics g) {
    FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
    int width = fm.stringWidth(label);
    int height = fm.getHeight();
    int ascent = fm.getAscent();
    int leading = fm.getLeading();
    int horizMargin = 
      (getSize().width - width)/2;
    int verMargin = 
      (getSize().height - height)/2;
    g.setColor(Color.red);
    g.drawString(label, horizMargin, 
                 verMargin + ascent + leading);
  }
  public void processActionEvent(ActionEvent e) {
    clickCounter++;
    label = "click #" + clickCounter +
      " " + e.toString();
    repaint();
    super.processActionEvent(e);
  }
}
  
public class BadTechnique extends Frame {
  BadTechnique() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
    add(new EnabledPanel(1, Color.cyan));
    add(new EnabledPanel(2, Color.lightGray));
    add(new EnabledPanel(3, Color.yellow));
    // You can also do it for Windows:
    enableEvents(AWTEvent.WINDOW_EVENT_MASK);
  }
  public void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent e) {
    System.out.println(e);
    if(e.getID() == WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSING) {
      System.out.println("Window Closing");
      System.exit(0);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame f = new BadTechnique();
    f.setTitle("Bad Technique");
    f.setSize(700,700);
    f.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: PrintDemo.java
// Printing with Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class PrintDemo extends Frame {
  Button 
    printText = new Button("Print Text"),
    printGraphics = new Button("Print Graphics");
  TextField ringNum = new TextField(3);
  Choice faces = new Choice();
  Graphics g = null;
  Plot plot = new Plot3(); // Try different plots
  Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
  public PrintDemo() {
    ringNum.setText("3");
    ringNum.addTextListener(new RingL());
    Panel p = new Panel();
    p.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    printText.addActionListener(new TBL());
    p.add(printText);
    p.add(new Label("Font:"));
    p.add(faces);
    printGraphics.addActionListener(new GBL());
    p.add(printGraphics);
    p.add(new Label("Rings:"));
    p.add(ringNum);
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add(p, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    add(plot, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    String[] fontList = tk.getFontList();
    for(int i = 0; i < fontList.length; i++)
      faces.add(fontList[i]);
    faces.select("Serif");
  }
  class PrintData {
    public PrintJob pj;
    public int pageWidth, pageHeight;
    PrintData(String jobName) {
      pj = getToolkit().getPrintJob(
        PrintDemo.this, jobName, null);
      if(pj != null) {
        pageWidth = pj.getPageDimension().width;
        pageHeight= pj.getPageDimension().height;
        g = pj.getGraphics();
      }
    }
    void end() { pj.end(); }
  }
  class ChangeFont {
    private int stringHeight;
    ChangeFont(String face, int style,int point){
      if(g != null) {
        g.setFont(new Font(face, style, point));
        stringHeight = 
          g.getFontMetrics().getHeight();
      }
    }
    int stringWidth(String s) {
      return g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s);
    }
    int stringHeight() { return stringHeight; }
  }
  class TBL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      PrintData pd = 
        new PrintData("Print Text Test");
      // Null means print job canceled:
      if(pd == null) return;
      String s = "PrintDemo";
      ChangeFont cf = new ChangeFont(
        faces.getSelectedItem(), Font.ITALIC,72);
      g.drawString(s, 
        (pd.pageWidth - cf.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
        (pd.pageHeight - cf.stringHeight()) / 3);

      s = "A smaller point size";
      cf = new ChangeFont(
        faces.getSelectedItem(), Font.BOLD, 48);
      g.drawString(s, 
        (pd.pageWidth - cf.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
        (int)((pd.pageHeight - 
           cf.stringHeight())/1.5));
      g.dispose();
      pd.end();
    }
  }
  class GBL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      PrintData pd = 
        new PrintData("Print Graphics Test");
      if(pd == null) return;
      plot.print(g);
      g.dispose();
      pd.end();
    }
  }
  class RingL implements TextListener {
    public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) {
      int i = 1;
      try {
        i = Integer.parseInt(ringNum.getText());
      } catch(NumberFormatException ex) {
        i = 1;
      }
      plot.rings = i;
      plot.repaint();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Frame pdemo = new PrintDemo();
    pdemo.setTitle("Print Demo");
    pdemo.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    pdemo.setSize(500, 500);
    pdemo.setVisible(true);
  }
}

class Plot extends Canvas {
  public int rings = 3;
}

class Plot1 extends Plot {
  // Default print() calls paint():
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    int w = getSize().width;
    int h = getSize().height;
    int xc = w / 2;
    int yc = w / 2;
    int x = 0, y = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < rings; i++) {
      if(x < xc && y < yc) {
        g.drawOval(x, y, w, h);
        x += 10; y += 10;
        w -= 20; h -= 20;
      }
    }
  }
} 

class Plot2 extends Plot {
  // To fit the picture to the page, you must
  // know whether you're printing or painting:
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    int w, h;
    if(g instanceof PrintGraphics) {
      PrintJob pj = 
        ((PrintGraphics)g).getPrintJob();
      w = pj.getPageDimension().width;
      h = pj.getPageDimension().height;
    } 
    else {
      w = getSize().width;
      h = getSize().height;
    }
    int xc = w / 2;
    int yc = w / 2;
    int x = 0, y = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < rings; i++) {
      if(x < xc && y < yc) {
        g.drawOval(x, y, w, h);
        x += 10; y += 10;
        w -= 20; h -= 20;
      }
    }
  }
} 

class Plot3 extends Plot {
  // Somewhat better. Separate 
  // printing from painting:
  public void print(Graphics g) {
    // Assume it's a PrintGraphics object:
    PrintJob pj = 
      ((PrintGraphics)g).getPrintJob();
    int w = pj.getPageDimension().width;
    int h = pj.getPageDimension().height;
    doGraphics(g, w, h);
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    int w = getSize().width;
    int h = getSize().height;
    doGraphics(g, w, h);
  }
  private void doGraphics(
      Graphics g, int w, int h) {
    int xc = w / 2;
    int yc = w / 2;
    int x = 0, y = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < rings; i++) {
      if(x < xc && y < yc) {
        g.drawOval(x, y, w, h);
        x += 10; y += 10;
        w -= 20; h -= 20;
      }
    }
  }
} ///:~

//: PrintDemoApplet.java
// Creating a Frame from within an Applet
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class PrintDemoApplet extends Applet {
  public void init() {
    Button b = new Button("Run PrintDemo");
    b.addActionListener(new PDL());
    add(b);
  }
  class PDL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      final PrintDemo pd = new PrintDemo();
      pd.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
          pd.dispose();
        }
      });
      pd.setSize(500, 500);
      pd.show();
    }
  }
} ///:~

//: CutAndPaste.java
// Using the clipboard from Java 1.1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.datatransfer.*;

public class CutAndPaste extends Frame {
  MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();
  Menu edit = new Menu("Edit");
  MenuItem
    cut = new MenuItem("Cut"),
    copy = new MenuItem("Copy"),
    paste = new MenuItem("Paste");
  TextArea text = new TextArea(20,20);
  Clipboard clipbd = 
    getToolkit().getSystemClipboard();
  public CutAndPaste() {
    cut.addActionListener(new CutL());
    copy.addActionListener(new CopyL());
    paste.addActionListener(new PasteL());
    edit.add(cut);
    edit.add(copy);
    edit.add(paste);
    mb.add(edit);
    setMenuBar(mb);
    add(text, BorderLayout.CENTER);
  }
  class CopyL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      String selection = text.getSelectedText();
      StringSelection clipString = 
        new StringSelection(selection);
      clipbd.setContents(clipString, clipString);
    }
  }
  class CutL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      String selection = text.getSelectedText();
      StringSelection clipString = 
        new StringSelection(selection);
      clipbd.setContents(clipString, clipString);
      text.replaceRange("", 
        text.getSelectionStart(), 
        text.getSelectionEnd());
    }
  }
  class PasteL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      Transferable clipData =
        clipbd.getContents(CutAndPaste.this);
      try {
        String clipString = 
          (String)clipData.
            getTransferData(
              DataFlavor.stringFlavor);
        text.replaceRange(clipString, 
          text.getSelectionStart(), 
          text.getSelectionEnd());
      } catch(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("not String flavor");
      }
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    CutAndPaste cp = new CutAndPaste();
    cp.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    cp.setSize(300,200);
    cp.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: Frog.java
// A trivial Java Bean
package frogbean;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

class Spots {}

public class Frog {
  private int jumps;
  private Color color;
  private Spots spots;
  private boolean jmpr;
  public int getJumps() { return jumps; }
  public void setJumps(int newJumps) { 
    jumps = newJumps;
  }
  public Color getColor() { return color; }
  public void setColor(Color newColor) { 
    color = newColor; 
  }
  public Spots getSpots() { return spots; }
  public void setSpots(Spots newSpots) {
    spots = newSpots; 
  }
  public boolean isJumper() { return jmpr; }
  public void setJumper(boolean j) { jmpr = j; }
  public void addActionListener(
      ActionListener l) {
    //...
  }
  public void removeActionListener(
      ActionListener l) {
    // ...
  }
  public void addKeyListener(KeyListener l) {
    // ...
  }
  public void removeKeyListener(KeyListener l) {
    // ...
  }
  // An "ordinary" public method:
  public void croak() {
    System.out.println("Ribbet!");
  }
} ///:~

//: BeanDumper.java
// A method to introspect a Bean
import java.beans.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;

public class BeanDumper {
  public static void dump(Class bean){
    BeanInfo bi = null;
    try {
      bi = Introspector.getBeanInfo(
        bean, java.lang.Object.class);
    } catch(IntrospectionException ex) {
      System.out.println("Couldn't introspect " +
        bean.getName());
      System.exit(1);
    }
    PropertyDescriptor[] properties = 
      bi.getPropertyDescriptors();
    for(int i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
      Class p = properties[i].getPropertyType();
      System.out.println(
        "Property type:\n  " + p.getName());
      System.out.println(
        "Property name:\n  " + 
        properties[i].getName());
      Method readMethod = 
        properties[i].getReadMethod();
      if(readMethod != null)
        System.out.println(
          "Read method:\n  " + 
          readMethod.toString());
      Method writeMethod = 
        properties[i].getWriteMethod();
      if(writeMethod != null)
        System.out.println(
          "Write method:\n  " +
          writeMethod.toString());
      System.out.println("====================");
    }
    System.out.println("Public methods:");
    MethodDescriptor[] methods =
      bi.getMethodDescriptors();
    for(int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)
      System.out.println(
        methods[i].getMethod().toString());
    System.out.println("======================");
    System.out.println("Event support:");
    EventSetDescriptor[] events = 
      bi.getEventSetDescriptors();
    for(int i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
      System.out.println("Listener type:\n  " +
        events[i].getListenerType().getName());
      Method[] lm = 
        events[i].getListenerMethods();
      for(int j = 0; j < lm.length; j++)
        System.out.println(
          "Listener method:\n  " +
          lm[j].getName());
      MethodDescriptor[] lmd = 
        events[i].getListenerMethodDescriptors();
      for(int j = 0; j < lmd.length; j++)
        System.out.println(
          "Method descriptor:\n  " +
          lmd[j].getMethod().toString());
      Method addListener = 
        events[i].getAddListenerMethod();
      System.out.println(
          "Add Listener Method:\n  " +
        addListener.toString());
      Method removeListener =
        events[i].getRemoveListenerMethod();
      System.out.println(
        "Remove Listener Method:\n  " +
        removeListener.toString());
      System.out.println("====================");
    }
  }
  // Dump the class of your choice:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    if(args.length < 1) {
      System.err.println("usage: \n" +
        "BeanDumper fully.qualified.class");
      System.exit(0);
    }
    Class c = null;
    try {
      c = Class.forName(args[0]);
    } catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {
      System.err.println(
        "Couldn't find " + args[0]);
      System.exit(0);
    }
    dump(c);
  }
} ///:~

class name: Frog
Property type:
  Color
Property name:
  color
Read method:
  public Color getColor()
Write method:
  public void setColor(Color)
====================
Property type:
  Spots
Property name:
  spots
Read method:
  public Spots getSpots()
Write method:
  public void setSpots(Spots)
====================
Property type:
  boolean
Property name:
  jumper
Read method:
  public boolean isJumper()
Write method:
  public void setJumper(boolean)
====================
Property type:
  int
Property name:
  jumps
Read method:
  public int getJumps()
Write method:
  public void setJumps(int)
====================
Public methods:
public void setJumps(int)
public void croak()
public void removeActionListener(ActionListener)
public void addActionListener(ActionListener)
public int getJumps()
public void setColor(Color)
public void setSpots(Spots)
public void setJumper(boolean)
public boolean isJumper()
public void addKeyListener(KeyListener)
public Color getColor()
public void removeKeyListener(KeyListener)
public Spots getSpots()
======================
Event support:
Listener type:
  KeyListener
Listener method:
  keyTyped
Listener method:
  keyPressed
Listener method:
  keyReleased
Method descriptor:
  public void keyTyped(KeyEvent)
Method descriptor:
  public void keyPressed(KeyEvent)
Method descriptor:
  public void keyReleased(KeyEvent)
Add Listener Method:
  public void addKeyListener(KeyListener)
Remove Listener Method:
  public void removeKeyListener(KeyListener)
====================
Listener type:
  ActionListener
Listener method:
  actionPerformed
Method descriptor:
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent)
Add Listener Method:
  public void addActionListener(ActionListener)
Remove Listener Method:
  public void removeActionListener(ActionListener)
====================

//: BangBean.java
// A graphical Bean
package bangbean;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class BangBean extends Canvas
     implements Serializable {
  protected int xm, ym;
  protected int cSize = 20; // Circle size
  protected String text = "Bang!";
  protected int fontSize = 48;
  protected Color tColor = Color.red;
  protected ActionListener actionListener;
  public BangBean() {
    addMouseListener(new ML());
    addMouseMotionListener(new MML());
  }
  public int getCircleSize() { return cSize; }
  public void setCircleSize(int newSize) {
    cSize = newSize;
  }
  public String getBangText() { return text; }
  public void setBangText(String newText) {
    text = newText;
  }
  public int getFontSize() { return fontSize; }
  public void setFontSize(int newSize) {
    fontSize = newSize;
  }
  public Color getTextColor() { return tColor; }
  public void setTextColor(Color newColor) {
    tColor = newColor;
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.drawOval(xm - cSize/2, ym - cSize/2, 
      cSize, cSize);
  }
  // This is a unicast listener, which is
  // the simplest form of listener management:
  public void addActionListener (
      ActionListener l) 
        throws TooManyListenersException {
    if(actionListener != null)
      throw new TooManyListenersException();
    actionListener = l;
  }
  public void removeActionListener(
      ActionListener l) {
    actionListener = null;
  }
  class ML extends MouseAdapter {
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
      Graphics g = getGraphics();
      g.setColor(tColor);
      g.setFont(
        new Font(
          "TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, fontSize));
      int width = 
        g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(text);
      g.drawString(text, 
        (getSize().width - width) /2,
        getSize().height/2);
      g.dispose();
      // Call the listener's method:
      if(actionListener != null)
        actionListener.actionPerformed(
          new ActionEvent(BangBean.this,
            ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, null));
    }
  }
  class MML extends MouseMotionAdapter {
    public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
      xm = e.getX();
      ym = e.getY();
      repaint();
    }
  }
  public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
    return new Dimension(200, 200);
  }
  // Testing the BangBean:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    BangBean bb = new BangBean();
    try {
      bb.addActionListener(new BBL());
    } catch(TooManyListenersException e) {}
    Frame aFrame = new Frame("BangBean Test");
    aFrame.addWindowListener(
      new WindowAdapter() {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
          System.exit(0);
        }
      });
    aFrame.add(bb, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    aFrame.setSize(300,300);
    aFrame.setVisible(true);
  }
  // During testing, send action information
  // to the console:
  static class BBL implements ActionListener {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      System.out.println("BangBean action");
    }
  }
} ///:~

Manifest-Version: 1.0

Name: bangbean/BangBean.class
Java-Bean: True

Digest-Algorithms: SHA MD5
SHA-Digest: pDpEAG9NaeCx8aFtqPI4udSX/O0=
MD5-Digest: O4NcS1hE3Smnzlp2hj6qeg==

//: JButtonDemo.java
// Looks like Java 1.1 but with J's added
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class JButtonDemo extends Applet {
  JButton 
    b1 = new JButton("JButton 1"),
    b2 = new JButton("JButton 2");
  JTextField t = new JTextField(20);
  public void init() {
    ActionListener al = new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        String name = 
          ((JButton)e.getSource()).getText();
        t.setText(name + " Pressed");
      }
    };
    b1.addActionListener(al);
    add(b1);
    b2.addActionListener(al);
    add(b2);
    add(t);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    JButtonDemo applet = new JButtonDemo();
    JFrame frame = new JFrame("TextAreaNew");
    frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
      public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
        System.exit(0);
      }
    });
    frame.getContentPane().add(
      applet, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    frame.setSize(300,100);
    applet.init();
    applet.start();
    frame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: Show.java
// Tool for displaying Swing demos
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Show {
  public static void 
  inFrame(JPanel jp, int width, int height) {
    String title = jp.getClass().toString();
    // Remove the word "class":
    if(title.indexOf("class") != -1)
      title = title.substring(6);
    JFrame frame = new JFrame(title);
    frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
      public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
        System.exit(0);
      }
    });
    frame.getContentPane().add(
      jp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    frame.setSize(width, height);
    frame.setVisible(true);
  }
} ///:~

//: Borders.java
// Different Swing borders
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;

public class Borders extends JPanel {
  static JPanel showBorder(Border b) {
    JPanel jp = new JPanel();
    jp.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    String nm = b.getClass().toString();
    nm = nm.substring(nm.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
    jp.add(new JLabel(nm, JLabel.CENTER), 
      BorderLayout.CENTER);
    jp.setBorder(b);
    return jp;
  }
  public Borders() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(2,4));
    add(showBorder(new TitledBorder("Title")));
    add(showBorder(new EtchedBorder()));
    add(showBorder(new LineBorder(Color.blue)));
    add(showBorder(
      new MatteBorder(5,5,30,30,Color.green)));
    add(showBorder(
      new BevelBorder(BevelBorder.RAISED)));
    add(showBorder(
      new SoftBevelBorder(BevelBorder.LOWERED)));
    add(showBorder(new CompoundBorder(
      new EtchedBorder(),
      new LineBorder(Color.red))));
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Borders(), 500, 300);
  }
} ///:~

//: Buttons.java
// Various Swing buttons
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.plaf.basic.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;

public class Buttons extends JPanel {
  JButton jb = new JButton("JButton");
  BasicArrowButton
    up = new BasicArrowButton(
      BasicArrowButton.NORTH),
    down = new BasicArrowButton(
      BasicArrowButton.SOUTH),
    right = new BasicArrowButton(
      BasicArrowButton.EAST),
    left = new BasicArrowButton(
      BasicArrowButton.WEST);
  public Buttons() {
    add(jb);
    add(new JToggleButton("JToggleButton"));
    add(new JCheckBox("JCheckBox"));
    add(new JRadioButton("JRadioButton"));
    JPanel jp = new JPanel();
    jp.setBorder(new TitledBorder("Directions"));
    jp.add(up);
    jp.add(down);
    jp.add(left);
    jp.add(right);
    add(jp);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Buttons(), 300, 200);
  }
} ///:~

//: ButtonGroups.java
// Uses reflection to create groups of different
// types of AbstractButton.
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;

public class ButtonGroups extends JPanel {
  static String[] ids = { 
    "June", "Ward", "Beaver", 
    "Wally", "Eddie", "Lumpy",
  };
  static JPanel 
  makeBPanel(Class bClass, String[] ids) {
    ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
    JPanel jp = new JPanel();
    String title = bClass.getName();
    title = title.substring(
      title.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
    jp.setBorder(new TitledBorder(title));
    for(int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
      AbstractButton ab = new JButton("failed");
      try {
        // Get the dynamic constructor method
        // that takes a String argument:
        Constructor ctor = bClass.getConstructor(
          new Class[] { String.class });
        // Create a new object:
        ab = (AbstractButton)ctor.newInstance(
          new Object[]{ids[i]});
      } catch(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("can't create " + 
          bClass);
      }
      bg.add(ab);
      jp.add(ab);
    }
    return jp;
  }
  public ButtonGroups() {
    add(makeBPanel(JButton.class, ids));
    add(makeBPanel(JToggleButton.class, ids));
    add(makeBPanel(JCheckBox.class, ids));
    add(makeBPanel(JRadioButton.class, ids));
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new ButtonGroups(), 500, 300);
  }
} ///:~

//: Faces.java
// Icon behavior in JButtons
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Faces extends JPanel {
  static Icon[] faces = {
    new ImageIcon("face0.gif"),
    new ImageIcon("face1.gif"),
    new ImageIcon("face2.gif"),
    new ImageIcon("face3.gif"),
    new ImageIcon("face4.gif"),
  };
  JButton 
    jb = new JButton("JButton", faces[3]),
    jb2 = new JButton("Disable");
  boolean mad = false;
  public Faces() {
    jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        if(mad) {
          jb.setIcon(faces[3]);
          mad = false;
        } else {
          jb.setIcon(faces[0]);
          mad = true;
        }
        jb.setVerticalAlignment(JButton.TOP);
        jb.setHorizontalAlignment(JButton.LEFT);
      }
    });
    jb.setRolloverEnabled(true);
    jb.setRolloverIcon(faces[1]);
    jb.setPressedIcon(faces[2]);
    jb.setDisabledIcon(faces[4]);
    jb.setToolTipText("Yow!");
    add(jb);
    jb2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        if(jb.isEnabled()) {
          jb.setEnabled(false);
          jb2.setText("Enable");
        } else {
          jb.setEnabled(true);
          jb2.setText("Disable");
        }
      }
    });
    add(jb2);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Faces(), 300, 200);
  }
} ///:~

//: Menus.java
// A menu-building system; also demonstrates
// icons in labels and menu items.
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Menus extends JPanel {
  static final Boolean
    bT = new Boolean(true), 
    bF = new Boolean(false);
  // Dummy class to create type identifiers:
  static class MType { MType(int i) {} };
  static final MType
    mi = new MType(1), // Normal menu item
    cb = new MType(2), // Checkbox menu item
    rb = new MType(3); // Radio button menu item
  JTextField t = new JTextField(10);
  JLabel l = new JLabel("Icon Selected", 
    Faces.faces[0], JLabel.CENTER);
  ActionListener a1 = new ActionListener() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      t.setText(
        ((JMenuItem)e.getSource()).getText());
    }
  };
  ActionListener a2 = new ActionListener() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
      JMenuItem mi = (JMenuItem)e.getSource();
      l.setText(mi.getText());
      l.setIcon(mi.getIcon());
    }
  };
  // Store menu data as "resources":
  public Object[][] fileMenu = {
    // Menu name and accelerator:
    { "File", new Character('F') },
    // Name type accel listener enabled
    { "New", mi, new Character('N'), a1, bT },
    { "Open", mi, new Character('O'), a1, bT },
    { "Save", mi, new Character('S'), a1, bF },
    { "Save As", mi, new Character('A'), a1, bF},
    { null }, // Separator
    { "Exit", mi, new Character('x'), a1, bT },
  };
  public Object[][] editMenu = {
    // Menu name:
    { "Edit", new Character('E') },
    // Name type accel listener enabled
    { "Cut", mi, new Character('t'), a1, bT },
    { "Copy", mi, new Character('C'), a1, bT },
    { "Paste", mi, new Character('P'), a1, bT },
    { null }, // Separator
    { "Select All", mi,new Character('l'),a1,bT},
  };
  public Object[][] helpMenu = {
    // Menu name:
    { "Help", new Character('H') },
    // Name type accel listener enabled
    { "Index", mi, new Character('I'), a1, bT },
    { "Using help", mi,new Character('U'),a1,bT},
    { null }, // Separator
    { "About", mi, new Character('t'), a1, bT },
  };
  public Object[][] optionMenu = {
    // Menu name:
    { "Options", new Character('O') },
    // Name type accel listener enabled
    { "Option 1", cb, new Character('1'), a1,bT},
    { "Option 2", cb, new Character('2'), a1,bT},
  };
  public Object[][] faceMenu = {
    // Menu name:
    { "Faces", new Character('a') },
    // Optinal last element is icon
    { "Face 0", rb, new Character('0'), a2, bT, 
      Faces.faces[0] },
    { "Face 1", rb, new Character('1'), a2, bT, 
      Faces.faces[1] },
    { "Face 2", rb, new Character('2'), a2, bT, 
      Faces.faces[2] },
    { "Face 3", rb, new Character('3'), a2, bT, 
      Faces.faces[3] },
    { "Face 4", rb, new Character('4'), a2, bT, 
      Faces.faces[4] },
  };
  public Object[] menuBar = {
    fileMenu, editMenu, faceMenu, 
    optionMenu, helpMenu,
  };
  static public JMenuBar
  createMenuBar(Object[] menuBarData) {
    JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
    for(int i = 0; i < menuBarData.length; i++)
      menuBar.add(
        createMenu((Object[][])menuBarData[i]));
    return menuBar;
  }
  static ButtonGroup bgroup;
  static public JMenu 
  createMenu(Object[][] menuData) {
    JMenu menu = new JMenu();
    menu.setText((String)menuData[0][0]);
    menu.setMnemonic(
      ((Character)menuData[0][1]).charValue());
    // Create redundantly, in case there are
    // any radio buttons:
    bgroup = new ButtonGroup();
    for(int i = 1; i < menuData.length; i++) {
      if(menuData[i][0] == null)
        menu.add(new JSeparator());
      else
        menu.add(createMenuItem(menuData[i]));
    }
    return menu;
  }
  static public JMenuItem 
  createMenuItem(Object[] data) {
    JMenuItem m = null;
    MType type = (MType)data[1];
    if(type == mi)
      m = new JMenuItem();
    else if(type == cb)
      m = new JCheckBoxMenuItem();
    else if(type == rb) {
      m = new JRadioButtonMenuItem();
      bgroup.add(m);
    }
    m.setText((String)data[0]);
    m.setMnemonic(
      ((Character)data[2]).charValue());
    m.addActionListener(
      (ActionListener)data[3]);
    m.setEnabled(
      ((Boolean)data[4]).booleanValue());
    if(data.length == 6)
      m.setIcon((Icon)data[5]);
    return m;
  }
  Menus() {
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    add(createMenuBar(menuBar), 
      BorderLayout.NORTH);
    JPanel p = new JPanel();
    p.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    p.add(t, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    p.add(l, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    add(p, BorderLayout.CENTER);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Menus(), 300, 200);
  }
} ///:~

//: Popup.java
// Creating popup menus with Swing
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Popup extends JPanel {
  JPopupMenu popup = new JPopupMenu();
  JTextField t = new JTextField(10);
  public Popup() {
    add(t);
    ActionListener al = new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        t.setText(
          ((JMenuItem)e.getSource()).getText());
      }
    };
    JMenuItem m = new JMenuItem("Hither");
    m.addActionListener(al);
    popup.add(m);
    m = new JMenuItem("Yon");
    m.addActionListener(al);
    popup.add(m);
    m = new JMenuItem("Afar");
    m.addActionListener(al);
    popup.add(m);
    popup.addSeparator();
    m = new JMenuItem("Stay Here");
    m.addActionListener(al);
    popup.add(m);
    PopupListener pl = new PopupListener();
    addMouseListener(pl);
    t.addMouseListener(pl);
  }
  class PopupListener extends MouseAdapter {
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
      maybeShowPopup(e);
    }
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
      maybeShowPopup(e);
    }
    private void maybeShowPopup(MouseEvent e) {
      if(e.isPopupTrigger()) {
        popup.show(
          e.getComponent(), e.getX(), e.getY());
      }
    }
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Popup(),200,150);
  }
} ///:~

//: ListCombo.java
// List boxes & Combo boxes
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class ListCombo extends JPanel {
  public ListCombo() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
    JList list = new JList(ButtonGroups.ids);
    add(new JScrollPane(list));
    JComboBox combo = new JComboBox();
    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
      combo.addItem(Integer.toString(i));
    add(combo);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new ListCombo(),200,200);
  }
} ///:~

//: Progress.java
// Using progress bars and sliders
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;

public class Progress extends JPanel {
  JProgressBar pb = new JProgressBar();
  JSlider sb = 
    new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, 0, 100, 60);
  public Progress() {
    setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
    add(pb);
    sb.setValue(0);
    sb.setPaintTicks(true);
    sb.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
    sb.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
    sb.setBorder(new TitledBorder("Slide Me"));
    pb.setModel(sb.getModel()); // Share model
    add(sb);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Progress(),200,150);
  }
} ///:~

//: Trees.java
// Simple Swing tree example. Trees can be made
// vastly more complex than this.
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.tree.*;

// Takes an array of Strings and makes the first
// element a node and the rest leaves:
class Branch {
  DefaultMutableTreeNode r;
  public Branch(String[] data) {
    r = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(data[0]);
    for(int i = 1; i < data.length; i++)
      r.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode(data[i]));
  }
  public DefaultMutableTreeNode node() { 
    return r; 
  }
}  

public class Trees extends JPanel {
  String[][] data = {
    { "Colors", "Red", "Blue", "Green" },
    { "Flavors", "Tart", "Sweet", "Bland" },
    { "Length", "Short", "Medium", "Long" },
    { "Volume", "High", "Medium", "Low" },
    { "Temperature", "High", "Medium", "Low" },
    { "Intensity", "High", "Medium", "Low" },
  };
  static int i = 0;
  DefaultMutableTreeNode root, child, chosen;
  JTree tree;
  DefaultTreeModel model;
  public Trees() {
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("root");
    tree = new JTree(root);
    // Add it and make it take care of scrolling:
    add(new JScrollPane(tree), 
      BorderLayout.CENTER);
    // Capture the tree's model:
    model =(DefaultTreeModel)tree.getModel();
    JButton test = new JButton("Press me");
    test.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        if(i < data.length) {
          child = new Branch(data[i++]).node();
          // What's the last one you clicked?
          chosen = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)
            tree.getLastSelectedPathComponent();
          if(chosen == null) chosen = root;
          // The model will create the 
          // appropriate event. In response, the
          // tree will update itself:
          model.insertNodeInto(child, chosen, 0);
          // This puts the new node on the 
          // currently chosen node.
        }
      }
    });
    // Change the button's colors:
    test.setBackground(Color.blue);
    test.setForeground(Color.white);
    JPanel p = new JPanel();
    p.add(test);
    add(p, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Trees(),200,500);
  }
} ///:~

//: Table.java
// Simple demonstration of JTable
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;

// The TableModel controls all the data:
class DataModel extends AbstractTableModel {
  Object[][] data = {
    {"one", "two", "three", "four"},
    {"five", "six", "seven", "eight"},
    {"nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve"},
  };
  // Prints data when table changes:
  class TML implements TableModelListener {
    public void tableChanged(TableModelEvent e) {
      for(int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j < data[0].length; j++)
          System.out.print(data[i][j] + " ");
        System.out.println();
      }
    }
  }
  DataModel() {
    addTableModelListener(new TML());
  }
  public int getColumnCount() { 
    return data[0].length; 
  }
  public int getRowCount() { 
    return data.length;
  }
  public Object getValueAt(int row, int col) { 
    return data[row][col]; 
  }
  public void 
  setValueAt(Object val, int row, int col) {
    data[row][col] = val;
    // Indicate the change has happened:
    fireTableDataChanged();
  }
  public boolean 
  isCellEditable(int row, int col) { 
    return true; 
  }
};       

public class Table extends JPanel {
  public Table() {
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    JTable table = new JTable(new DataModel());
    JScrollPane scrollpane = 
      JTable.createScrollPaneForTable(table);
    add(scrollpane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Table(),200,200);
  }
} ///:~

//: Tabbed.java
// Using tabbed panes
package c13.swing;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;

public class Tabbed extends JPanel {
  static Object[][] q = {
    { "Felix", Borders.class },
    { "The Professor", Buttons.class },
    { "Rock Bottom", ButtonGroups.class },
    { "Theodore", Faces.class },
    { "Simon", Menus.class },
    { "Alvin", Popup.class },
    { "Tom", ListCombo.class },
    { "Jerry", Progress.class },
    { "Bugs", Trees.class },
    { "Daffy", Table.class },
  };
  static JPanel makePanel(Class c) {
    String title = c.getName();
    title = title.substring(
      title.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
    JPanel sp = null;
    try {
      sp = (JPanel)c.newInstance();
    } catch(Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e);
    }
    sp.setBorder(new TitledBorder(title));
    return sp;
  }
  public Tabbed() {
    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    JTabbedPane tabbed = new JTabbedPane();
    for(int i = 0; i < q.length; i++)
      tabbed.addTab((String)q[i][0], 
        makePanel((Class)q[i][1]));
    add(tabbed, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    tabbed.setSelectedIndex(q.length/2);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Show.inFrame(new Tabbed(),460,350);
  }
} ///:~